Coronary Artery Dieases And Blood And Oxygen ,Blood Vessels

 

Coronary heart disease, coronary heart disease, and coronary heart disease are synonymous and include a range of conditions such as stable angina pectoris, unstable angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death.

 

Coronary heart disease develops when the arteries that supply the heart with blood and oxygen become blocked due to cholesterol or other substances that are deposited on the inside of the arteries called plaque, this narrowing of the arteries is called atherosclerosis or arteriosclerosis. If it occurs in one of the major arteries supplying the heart, it causes a heart attack, stroke, or peripheral artery disease.

 

It reduces the elasticity of blood vessels or narrows the inner area and restricts normal blood flow. It leads to a lack of oxygen in the heart muscles and causes chest pain also called angina pectoris.

 

Angina can be of two types:

 

Stable angina pectoris is chest pain that occurs regularly during various activities. Unstable angina pectoris is when angina changes its intensity; it can also lead to myocardial infarction.

 

CAD weakens the blood muscles and leads to reduced function of the heart in pumping blood around the body, this is called heart failure. An irregular heartbeat or arrhythmia also develops.

 

Sometimes the plaque ruptures, gets stuck somewhere in an artery, and completely blocks blood flow, cutting off oxygen from the area, and causing permanent damage or scarring of the heart muscle.

 

Causes: It is caused by the deposition of cholesterol on the inner lining of the blood vessels of the heart muscles.

 

Symptoms: The initial detection of the disease is done through its symptoms, which are:

• Shortness of breath

• Chest pain

• sweating

• Nausea

• Digestive disorders

• Heartburn

• Weakness

 

At risk: People at risk of IHD are:

Hypertensive

  Smokers

   Diabetic

   Obese

 

   High resting heart rate

   Depression and stress

   Kidney disease

  Family history

  Lack of exercise

  Poor die  Excessive alcohol intake

  Men and women in their 40s are at high risk of developing this disease                                                            

 

Diagnostic test: Many tests help diagnose CAD:

• ECD or EKD: To measure the electrical activity, frequency, and regularity of the heartbeat.

• Chest X-ray: Shows the heart, lungs, and other organs of the chest.

• Echocardiogram: Ultrasound waves are used to image the heart.

• Exercise Test: Heart rate is measured while walking on a treadmill.

• Cardiac catheterization: Checks for blockages in the heart's arteries by inserting a thin, flexible tube through an artery in the groin, arm, or neck to reach the heart, where blood samples are taken and dye is injected.

• Coronary angiogram: An injected dye is detected using X-rays to highlight blocked areas in the arteries.

 

Prevention: To keep the disease at bay, people need to control themselves with medication and maintain:

  Blood pressure

  Diabetes

  Cholesterol

 Proper diet

  Regular exercise

  Less alcohol intake

 

Management: Lifestyle changes are very helpful in living fit and healthy. Medicines to help manage the condition include:

• Antiplatelet drugs such as aspirin

• Statins

• Beta-blockers

• Calcium antagonists

• Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.

• Nitroglycerin.